Workers' compensation insurance, often referred to as workers' comp, is a type of insurance that provides benefits to employees who suffer job-related injuries or illnesses. The primary purpose of workers' compensation is to protect both employers and employees in the event of workplace accidents or occupational diseases.

Here's how workers' compensation typically works:

1. Coverage: Employers are required by law in many jurisdictions to carry workers' compensation insurance. This insurance covers medical expenses, lost wages, and rehabilitation costs for employees who are injured or become ill while performing job-related duties.

2. Employee Benefits: If an employee is injured or falls sick due to their work, they can file a workers' compensation claim. The insurance will then cover the medical expenses for treating the injury or illness and may provide wage replacement benefits while the employee is unable to work.

3. No-Fault System: Workers' compensation operates on a "no-fault" basis, meaning that employees can receive benefits regardless of who caused the accident or injury. It provides financial protection to employees without having to prove the employer's negligence.

4. Employer Protection: By providing workers' compensation insurance, employers are generally protected from lawsuits related to workplace injuries or illnesses. In exchange for this protection, employees relinquish their right to sue the employer in most cases.

5. Compliance: Employers must comply with workers' compensation laws and regulations in their jurisdiction. Failure to carry adequate workers' compensation insurance can result in penalties and legal consequences for the employer.

6. Types of Coverage: Workers' compensation may cover a range of injuries and illnesses, from physical injuries like falls or accidents to occupational illnesses caused by exposure to harmful substances or repetitive stress injuries.

It's important for both employers and employees to understand their rights and obligations regarding workers' compensation insurance. Employers should ensure they have the appropriate coverage to protect their workforce, while employees should be aware of the process for filing claims in case of a work-related injury or illness. The specific rules and regulations surrounding workers' compensation can vary by country, state, or region. Therefore, it's essential to consult local authorities or legal experts to understand the specific requirements in a particular area.